Zoology Essay - 1264 Words

Zoology The study of zoology can be viewed as a series of efforts to analyse and classify animals. Attempts at classification as early as 400 BC are known from documents in the Hippocratic Collection. Aristotle, however, was the first to devise a system of classifying animals that recognized a basic unity of plan among diverse organisms; he arranged groups of animals according to mode of reproduction and habitat. Observing the development of such animals as the dogfish, chick, and octopus, he noted that general structures appear before specialized ones, and he also distinguished between asexual and sexual reproduction. His Historia Animalium contains accurate descriptions of extant animals of†¦show more content†¦Perhaps the most important naturalist of the era was the German scholar St Albertus Magnus, who denied many of the superstitions associated with biology and reintroduced the work of Aristotle. The anatomical studies of Leonardo da Vinci were far in advance of the age. His d issections and comparisons of the structure of humans and other animals led him to important conclusions. He noted, for example, that the arrangement of joints and bones in the leg are similar in both horses and humans, thus grasping the concept of homology (the similarity of corresponding parts in different kinds of animals, suggesting a common grouping). The value of his work in anatomy was not recognized in his time. Instead, the Belgian doctor Andreas Vesalius is considered the father of anatomy; he circulated his writings and established the principles of comparative anatomy. Classification dominated zoology throughout most of the 17th and 18th centuries. The Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus developed a system of nomenclature and classification that is still used today—the binomial system of genus and species—and established taxonomy as a discipline. He followed the work of the English naturalist John Ray in relying upon the form of teeth and toes to differentiate mammals and upon beak shape to classify birds. Another leading systematist of this era was theShow MoreRelatedPhysical And Mental Requirements Of Zoology1155 Words   |  5 Pages One of the most interesting jobs of today is a Zoologist. Not only is this job very easy to acquirer it can also benefit someone. The main factors to look up in zoology are the job requirements like physical and mental requirements, the education you acquire, job advancement, the salary, the responsibilities it comes with, and the travel opportunities. This job can help a person by giving them kn owledge and adventure in their life. It can provide him or her with essentials they will need inRead MoreTaking a Look at Ornithology643 Words   |  3 PagesOrnithology 　　　Ornithology is a branch of zoology that deals with the study of birds, and ornithologist studies the variety of things on birds such as bird anatomy, behavior, biology, evolution, ecology and physiology. For an ornithologist, there is no standard or even an average starting salary because few people are hired strictly as ornithologist. Instead, they are hired as teachers, professors, wildlife biologists, environmental scientists, environmental educators, ecologists, tour leaders, andRead MoreAs Times Change : Traditional Vs. Experiential1457 Words   |  6 Pagesand the elite. Only few people of the population could afford to expand beyond homeland territory to explore wild life and exotic cultures. Exotic animals were seen as status symbols. With the rule of Louis XIV, in 1664 AD, the modern conception of zoology came into place and ancient animal collections expanded to become a zoological park. As urbanization was set in motion, and the distinction between country and city became more prevalent, urban citizens felt the need to reconnect with nature. ThisRead MoreZoology Chordata Vertebrates4475 Words   |  18 Pages 2012. (Gray literature) Stewart, Keith and Simanek, Dan. â€Å"Body Form and Locomotion in Sharks†. Integrative and Comparative Biology Vol 17.2 (2012): 343-354. Print (Scientific Journal) Roberts, Hickman, et al. Integrated Principles of Zoology. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2006. Print Hammerson, Geoffrey A. Amphibians and Reptiles in Colorado, A Colorado Field Guide. Niwot, Colorado: University Press of Colorado, 1999. Print Nauwalaerts, Sandra et al. â€Å"Morphological correlatesRead MoreIntroduction to Zoology Essay650 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Chapter 1 Review Questions 1).Why is life difficult to define? Life is difficult to define due to the fixed properties varying from earliest living forms than those from today. This represents extensive and ongoing change refered to as Evolution. So we must base our definition on common history of life on earth. 2). What are the basic chemical differences that distinguish living and nonliving systems? The basic chemical differences from distinguished living and non living systemsRead MoreMumbai University Zoology Syllabus3300 Words   |  14 PagesAcademic Council 25/05/2011 Item No. 4.59 UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI Syllabus for the F.Y.B.Sc. Program: B.Sc. Course : Zoology (Credit Based Semester and Grading System with effect from the academic year 2011–2012) 1      F.Y.B.Sc. Zoology Syllabus Restructured for Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2010-2011 SEMESTER I Course Code UNIT I USZO101 II III I USZO102 II III USZO P1 TOPICS Diversity of Animal Kingdom I Life processes I Ecology Molecular basis of lifeRead MoreJournal Of Entomology And Zoology Studies2099 Words   |  9 PagesJournal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2015; 3( 5): 01-06 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 JEZS 2015; 3(5): 01-06  © 2015 JEZS Received: 05-07-2015 Accepted: 06-08-2015 A. S. Abd El-Wahab Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Correspondence: A. S. Abd El-Wahab Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Identification of a new species, Marigold thrips NeohydatothripsRead MoreLineage-Based Perspective743 Words   |  3 Pagesfor all biology majors to have a working knowledge of the tree of life. 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Industrial Instrumentation On Load Cells Engineering Essay Free Essays

string(89) " overseas telegram opposition and therefore long signal overseas telegrams are non jobs\." Load cells are detectors which are used to mensurate the degree or force per unit area by change overing the force ( torsion or mass ) into electrical signals and so these signals are displayed by the show unit to demo the degree or force per unit area. Load cells are besides known as burden transducers. In dictionary, a burden cell is known as â€Å" weight mensurating device necessary for electronic signal that displays weight in the signifier of figures. We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Instrumentation On Load Cells Engineering Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Load cells can be classified harmonizing to their operations: Load cells that utilize liquid force per unit area or air force per unit area. Load cells that utilize snap. Load cells that utilize a magnetostriction or piezoelectric consequence. The strain gage burden cell is the largely used among the all sorts of burden cells. Therefore, when we say â€Å" burden cell, † we are largely mentioning to strive gauge burden cells. Although there are many other measurement devices, such as piezoelectric detectors, magnetostrictive detectors, electrical capacity detector and other detectors. 1.2-Types of Load cells Strain gage burden cells Tension burden cells Pneumatic burden cells Hydraulic burden cells Shear Load Cells Compression Load Cells Bending Load Cells Ringing Torsion Load Cells Pancake Load Cells Single Point Load Cells 1.3-Strain Gauge Load Cells This is a type of burden cell which is usage to mensurate the degree of any storage vas. 1.3.1-Working rule When force per unit area is applied on a music director its length alterations due to which opposition of the music director alterations and relation to the alteration in opposition show unit displays the alteration in degree. 1.3.2-Construction and working A strain gage is consists of a long length music director which is arranged in zig-zag manner on the flexible membrane which is exposed to the applied force per unit area country. This music director is connected in a wheat rock span as a resistance and when force per unit area or weight is applied on the membrane which is connected to the music director it gets stretched and due to stretching the length of the music director alterations and due to alter in length the opposition of the music director additions. These are normally four or a multiple of four, are connected into a wheat rock span constellation in order to change over the really little alteration in the opposition into the suited electrical signal. As these gages are combination of mechanical and electrical constituents so the mechanical parts are located at the site but electrical parts are in the control suites due to their environmental and temperature sensitivenesss. And the wires used for the transmittal of the signals besides have their ain opposition so that opposition besides considered during their building. The accommodation and arrangement of the strain gage burden cell in the wheat rock span and its working phenomena is shown in the undermentioned diagrams. Strain gage burden cells are placed at the underside of the vass largely to mensurate the degree of the column or vas. 00204.png Figure Figure 00205.png 1.3.3-Advantages Strain gage burden cells are used in automotive industry to look into the structural public presentations of the stuff used in doors, goons, short pantss etc. Strain gage burden cells can be usage for weighing intents. Strain gage burden cells can besides be usage for stuff testing in procedure industry besides. Strain gage burden cells are besides used in tensile trial machines as a major constituent. Strain gage burden cells truth is 0.07 % of the rated capacity Strain gage burden cells can be used for both enlargement and compaction. Strain gage burden cells are less dearly-won so largely used in the industry. 1.3.4-Disadvantages Strain gage burden cells require uninterrupted electric energy for the production and show of signals. Strain gage burden cells besides requires an elaboration circuit for the coevals of end product show because the signals produced by the gage itself are of really much low electromotive force about in milli Vs. Strain gage burden cells can non be used for the force per unit area measuring of extremely reactive or caustic stuffs because they can damage the gage. Strain gage burden cells can non be used for the measuring of really high force per unit area if the stop usage is of plastic. 1.4-Tension Load Cells This is another type of burden cell which is besides usage to step to the degree. 1.4.1-Working Principle It consists of a vibrating wire transducer, fixed in a thick-vessel metallic cylinder, designed to supply a extremely stable and sensitive agencies of supervising tensile tonss in weighing systems, like procedure weighing systems and batch systems. As the applied burden additions on the burden cells the force on the internal vibrating wire besides increases by altering its tenseness, and therefore the resonating frequence of the vibrating wire. The frequence is measured and relative to the applied weight. 1.4.2-Construction and working The chief portion of this burden cell is strain gauged stop which is for good secured in the transducer shell. The transducer is fitted with a metallic oculus leting in line connexion to the deliberation system, and a metallic hook, attached to the sensitive stop, provides a agency by which weight is applied in a suspended manner. The burden cell is vented to the ambiance to extinguish barometric effects for the upper limit or optimal truth. The signal overseas telegram which is attached to the burden cell is connected with the control room where these signals can be monitored. Figure There are besides some Thermistors placed inside its shell which are used to mensurate the temperature of the working fluid or vas. Degree centigrade: UsersAlY RaZaAppDataLocalMicrosoftWindowsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordUntitled.png 1.4.3-Advantages The chief advantage of the tenseness burden cell is that it is extremely sensitive and stable. As it is a vibrating component wire detector and its end product is frequency so it is non affected by the alteration in the overseas telegram opposition and therefore long signal overseas telegrams are non jobs. You read "Industrial Instrumentation On Load Cells Engineering Essay" in category "Essay examples" The frequence of the vibrating wire is measured by either the portable read-out box or informations lumberman. So it can give more accurate readings. The end product signal scopes in the electromotive force from 0 to 5 Vs so there is no elaboration unit required and therefore the cost lessenings. The rated capacity of the tortuosity burden cell is from 10 kilograms to 15 kilograms. The truth of the tortuosity burden cells is A ±0.1 % The temperature ranges for the working or operation of the tortuosity burden cells is -20A °C to +80A °C. Such types of transducers have about zero impetus and have besides really low consequence of temperature on its truth. 1.4.4-Disadvantages This type of burden cells can non be used for high temperature fluids to happen degree or weight of fluid incorporating column. This type of burden cells can non besides be used for high capacities or for big armored combat vehicles column or weight measurings. This type of burden cell is extremely affected by the high temperatures due to its sensitive nature of the detection wire. 1.5-Pneumatic Load Cells This is another type of burden cells which are usage to mensurate the weight in the industry and these are used for low capacity. 1.5.1-Working Principle This type of burden cells works on â€Å" the force-balance rule. † 1.5.2-The Force-Balance Principle The inertial force produced by a seismal land gesture shifts the mass from its original equilibrium place, and the alteration in place or speed of the mass is so interpreted into an electric signal. This rule is for low scope burden cells. For long scope burden cells the inertial force is balanced with an electrically generated force so that the mass moves every bit low as possible. 1.5.3-Working of pneumatic burden cell This sort of burden cells consist of a detection component which is exposed to the site or the vas of which force per unit area or lying unstable weight is to be measured. And in this sort of burden cell the force reassigning medium is air as comparison to the any other fluid in instance of hydraulic burden cell. When force is applied by the lying fluid on the feeling portion of the burden cell it transfers this force to the inside air and so this force is applied on the potentiometer which is placed in the wheat rock span. As the force is applied on the feeling portion of the burden cell the opposition of the variable opposition potentiometer alterations due to this force and therefore the possible equilibrium between the oppositions is disturbed and this shows the magnitude of the applied force on the feeling component by exposing it on the show unit. Figure pneumatic.gif Another technique which is largely used in such sort of burden cells is the use of the piezoelectric crystals. In this sort the detection component transportations applied force to the interior fluid ( air ) and it imparts this force on the crystal. And due to the application of the applied force on the crystal by agencies of air its construction gets disturbed and due to disturbance in the construction the possible across the crystal alterations and this alteration in the possible across the crystal is detected by the voltmeter and so this electromotive force is converted into weight of force units and displayed on the exposing unit. Most of the clip wheat rock span is used for this sort of burden cell and there is merely variable resistance largely used while other resistances in the wheat rock span are of fixed opposition. 1.5.4-Advantages They are largely used on smaller tons when safety and protection are of premier concern. They are better in truth as comparison to the hydraulic burden cells because there is no alteration in the denseness and truth of the fluid being used for the transportation of applied force. They besides preferred on the hydraulic burden cells because there is no usage of liquid in these sorts of burden cells. These types of burden cells are inherently explosion cogent evidence and insensitive to temperature fluctuations. As they contain no fluids so there is no job of taint of the procedure if the stop gets ruptured. Pneumatic burden cells are besides used to mensurate little weights that depend upon cleanliness and safety. 1.5.5-Disadvantages The chief disadvantage of these types of burden cells is that they can non be used for high measure measuring. Although they are really resistive to the temperature effects but their truth even acquire disturbed at really high temperature. 1.6-Hydraulic Load Cells This is another type of burden cells which are used to mensurate the magnitude of the applied force and their transition to the electric signals and its digital show. 1.6.1-Working Principle This type of burden cells besides work on â€Å" the force-balance rule. † The difference between the pneumatic burden cell and hydraulic burden cell is merely the transferring medium. In instance of pneumatic burden cell the force reassigning medium is air while in hydraulic burden cells the force reassigning medium is largely liquid or incompressible oil which is besides known as break oil. 1.6.2-Construction and working Hydraulic burden cell consists of a fluid which act as a force reassigning medium and a piezoelectric crystal which is usage to change over this applied force into possible difference and so there is an agreement for the transition of this possible difference in footings of weight or force per unit area. There is a stop which is usage to feel the force exerted from the external side and the whole shell in which this complete cell is enclosed. When the force per unit area or weight by the vas or column is applied on the stop of the burden cell it sense that force and so transportations this force to the fluid which is filled in the shell of this burden cell. Then this force is transferred to the piezoelectric crystal by the fluid or oil and this oil transfers this force by the Pascal ‘s jurisprudence. So when the force is transferred by the oil it disturbs the internal construction of the piezoelectric crystal and due to this alteration in the construction of the piezoelectric crystal a possible difference is generated across the piezoelectric crystal. This possible difference is detected by the electric sensor and electric signal is transferred to the show unit to expose the magnitude of the applied force, weight or force per unit area. Figure Hydraulic.gif 1.6.3-Advantages These are largely use to happen the weight of the stuff in the storage armored combat vehicles, bin or hopper. The end product given by these types of burden cells is additive and largely unaffected by the sum of the filling fluid ( oil ) or by its temperature. If the hydraulic burden cells have been decently installed and calibrated so truth is largely within 0.25 % full graduated table or better and this is acceptable for most procedure weighing applications. As these types of burden cells have no electrical constituents therefore it is ideal for usage in risky or caustic countries. For more accurate measuring, the weight of the armored combat vehicle should be obtained by turn uping a burden cell at different points and summing their end products. 1.6.4-Disadvantages One disadvantage of this type of burden cell is that the elastomeric stop limits the maximal force that can be applied on the Piston or stop to about 1,000 psig. Electronic pari-mutuel machine is required in instance of acquiring more accurate reading by summing the readings of the single burden cells. Another disadvantage of hydraulic burden cell is that they are expensive and are complex to utilize. 1.7-Shear Load Cells This is another type of burden cells which is usage to mensurate the weight or the degree of the column incorporating fluid or some stuff. 1.7.1-Working Principle This type of burden cells works on the shear of the web. A web of an elastic stuff is inserted at some degree in the vas or storage armored combat vehicle and a shear emphasis exerted by the unstable column stretches the web harmonizing to the burden of the unstable column. Therefore by mensurating the shear emphasis the degree or weight of the fluid in a column can be measured. 1.7.2-Construction and working This type of burden cells consists of a web and a frame which is movable and the web is fixed with this frame. There are strain gages which are straight connected with this web and step the weight or degree of the column by mensurating the shear emphasis exerted by the liquid nowadays in the column on the web. As the web is inserted in the liquid column, liquid exerts the force on this web as this web is stretchy and elastic so it gets stretched and this stretched province of the web is sensed by the strain gages. This web is inserted in the liquid column perpendicular to the axis of the column. Then strain gages transfers the mensural value of the shear emphasis exerted by the tallness of the liquid column to the electrical transducers which converts it into electrical signals and so transmits it to the show unit to expose the mensural value of the weight in footings of degree or force per unit area as we required. Figure 1.7.3-Advantages Shear burden cells are popular now for all type of mediums and for high capacities. Shear-web is non limited to merely beam constellations. Shear-web detection component is besides being used by high capacity BSP and USP in a more complex manner. Shear burden cell engineering is besides being used in rearward transducers. Shear tonss cells can readily be sealed and can be protected from the environmental effects. 1.7.4-Disadvantages Shear burden cells have comparatively little sensitiveness at the burden point so can non be used for little graduated table measurings. Shear burden cells are expensive as comparison to the strain gages. Shear burden cells are delicate merely because of the web which is really delicate and can be easy damage due to overload fro few minutes even. How to cite Industrial Instrumentation On Load Cells Engineering Essay, Essay examples

Dylan Thomas and September 11th free essay sample

A paper which discusses the relevance of Dylan Thomas poetry to society today, especially after the terrorist attacks of September 11th. By examining several of Dylan Thomas poems, the paper shows how his continuous themes of the unity of life, the continuing process of life and death, and the life-link between generations are all relevant to society today, despite the fact that Thomas has been dead for over 50 years. The paper shows that in the wake of September 11th, his works, though not exactly comforting, do provide an outlet for a nation suddenly forced to deal with the harsh realities of life and death. A final strength of Thomass work is that he asks hard questions without proposing easy answers. He accepts death in the sense that he knows it is a part of life and must be, but he offers no platitudes about its goodness or rightness. Indeed, in one of his most famous poems, he urges, ?Do not go gentle into that good night. We will write a custom essay sample on Dylan Thomas and September 11th or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page / Rage, rage against the dying of the light.? In another poem, Out of the Pit, he questions, ?[W]heres Gods my Shepherd, God is Love? / No loving shepherd in this upside life.? In his avoidance of the quick fix, Thomas respects his own and his readers fear and hatred of death while acknowledging its reality.