Happiness Is Being Content Philosophy Essay

Happiness Is Being Content Philosophy EssayHappiness is being content with what you have in your life. It comes down to deuce different types of contentment. The first type is a material happiness that comes from material things including food, shelter, clothing, cars, technological devices and anything else that that physic all toldy exists and is an object of intrust. The second type of happiness is much more than abstract it is a kind of spiritual or natural happiness. It comes from being at peace or from achieving a state of inner contentment. As the aphorism goes, the truth lies somewhere in the middle and it is my belief that only done a perfect balance of these two sources of happiness can one be truly happy, which is, in a way, to be content.The fourteenth Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso speaks of happiness in much the same way. When asked by Howard Cutler to speak intimately desire, the Dalai Lama replies, I think there be two kinds of desire (Cutler 1000). The Dalai Lama say s of the material desire I previously identified I think that this kind of undue desire leads to greed-an exaggerated form of desire, based on over expectation. He goes on to say, When it comes to dealing with greed, one thing that is quite characteristic is that although it arrives by the desire to obtain something, it is not satisfied by obtaining (Cutler 1001). I completely agree with him on this point, that material desire can become excessive and lead to quenchless greed. However, it is my belief that happiness comes from fulfilling desire, which is, in part, fulfilling superficial material desire. But that is not all that constitutes happiness. As the Dalai Lama says, The true antidote of greed is contentment. If you have a strong sense of contentment, it doesnt matter whether you obtain the object or not either way, you argon still content (Cutler 1002). This kind of inner contentment comes ab bug out through the second type of happiness I spoke of, the spiritual or natura l happiness.Natural happiness or inner contentment is a instead difficult thing to explain, as it is a very abstract idea. Inner contentment cannot be represent through material things. It comes from oneself, from one making peace with what they have and understanding that they cannot have everything. Howard Cutler, the Dalai Lamas companion, asks How can we achieve inner contentment? There are two methods. One method is to obtain everything we pauperization and desire The second, and more reliable, method is not to have what we want but rather to want and appreciate what we have (Cutler 1002). It would seem that Cutler, the Dalai Lama, and I share many of the same views. Inner contentment itself comes from making peace with what we already have, moving past the desire of wanting material things.However, it should be shew clear that we are discussing happiness, not contentment. Contentment, inner contentment, certainly comes from achieving a peace with what one has and accepting that one cant have everything. But that is only contentment. True happiness comes from a balance of both contentment and desire. It comes from striking a balance between the two methods of achieving inner contentment.But this is only one persons happiness. Philosophers such as Epictetus would turn over that happiness does not come about through these methods. Epictetus taught that The goal of life is happiness or flourishing life. The way to achieve this condition is to understand the genius of the good (Barnet and Bedau 995). He argued that The only true good is virtue. Yes, wealth can be useful, but it is not good or bad Poverty is not bad but is morally indifferent (just as wealth is morally indifferent) The life that is happy or fruitful is the virtuous life (Barnet and Bedau 995). Epictetus was likely dissertation about happiness as a whole or happiness for the greater good. One persons happiness may not be the same as anothers, but I agree with Epictetus that happiness com es about through living a virtuous life. I would call this version of happiness a lay contentment. This is, of course, different from the inner contentment previously discussed.Daniel Gilbert adds onto this idea of contentment. In his essay Does Fatherhood Make You Happy? he explains that having children generally makes a lift happy. Psychologists have measured how people feel as they go about their daily activities, and have found that people are less happy when they are interacting with their children than when they are eating, exercising, shopping or watching television (Gilbert 985). He starts off by stating how studies have shown that parents become less happy when they have children around them and how they would rather be spending time doing other things to make them happy, but later counters this idea with his reasons from personal experience.First, when something makes us happy we are willing to pay a lot for it, which is why the worst Belgian chocolate is more expensive than the best Belgian tofu. But that process can work in resign when we pay a lot for something, we assume it makes us happy, which is why we swear to the wonders of bottled water and Armani socks (Gilbert 985). Gilbert brings toward a materialistic view very similar to the Dalai Lamas. We are willing to sacrifice for material wants and desires but only true happiness lies in contentment.Gilbert compares children to heroin, while it may seem irrational his points are made clear. Children give parents a feeling of pleasure that makes them forget everything else around them. The analogy to children is all too clear. Even if their company were an unremitting pleasure, the fact that they require so much company means that other sources of pleasure will all but disappear (Gilbert 986). I interpret this as another form of contentment. Because of how material it is to have children, it makes a parent content that they dont need anything else.Lewis proposes a countercultural idea, that we actually have no right to happiness. Some people debate that happiness is a right and is supposed to be given out, or is required to be provided by the government, like a right. In all reality that is true, but to an extent, we do have a right to happiness we also have a right to earn happiness. We are all provided with the resources to do so. As in all rights we are provided with there still is some kind of boundary.If we establish a right to (sexual) happiness which supersedes all the ordinary rules of behavior, we do so not because of what out passion shows itself to be in experience but because of what it professes to be while we are in the grip of it (Lewis 1006). Lewis would say that pursuing happiness is alright as long as you are within legal and moral laws. In other words, living a good life is a means to imitate happiness.Thus the question of what is happiness can be defined in multiple ways. For one person, it is through achieving a state of inner contentment through f inding a balance between material desire of what one does not have and a desire of what one already has. In the setting of worldly or societal happiness, happiness is found through living a life of virtue and thus being fulfilled, or finding contentment, in that manner. Happiness is all of these things.Happiness, however, isnt a destination to reach. Its a perception, a mindset. There are those that believe that people are born with this mindset. There are others who believe that each of us can achieve this perception merely by redirecting our thoughts. Both are true. Sometimes it takes a really stressful event to make us realize how grateful we are for what we have rather than desiring what we dont have. The secret to happiness is contentment a still point of realization that happiness is found within, not through external measures and possessions. Contentment is more than being grateful for the small things in life, it is being grateful for simply being. Contentment is a vocal m usic the heart sings in the quiet moments of the day. Can you hear it?

Comparison Of Different Types Of Ic Design Computer Science Essay

Comparison Of Different Types Of Ic Design Computer Science EssayThe topic of this assignment is to comp be on variant types of IC jut out. Therefore, we must first understand the meaning of IC. An IC, combine circuit, is also cognize as microcircuit, microchip, silicon chip, or chip. It is a venial electronic circuit that consists of semiconductor devices and other passive dowerys. These components argon manufactured on a ceramic or plastic container. Internal connections are welded from the chip to different number of external pins depending on the chips function.IC object means that utilise logic and circuit design techniques to design and produce integrated circuits. It requires pathways so that randomness fuel flow properly and subtile electrical components are organized to maximize space so that computer systems wad be as small as possible. Living in this modern age of data entropy, we need to design faster and smaller IC to increase our daily career quality and to catch up with the technology.IC design is classified mainly into two categories of one-dimensional and digital IC design. Digital IC design is the most wide used in daily life such as microprocessor, FPGAs, memories (RAM, ROM, and flash) and digital ASICs. On the other hand, parallel IC is used in the design of sensors, fountain management circuits, and operational amplifiers.The figure of IC is shown below get wind 1(a) Figure 1(b)(Adapted from introduction to ASIC, http//iroi.seu.edu.cn/books/asics/Book2/CH01/CH01.htm 1)Figure1(a) shows an IC chip where the pins will fit into holes in a printed-circuit board or breadboard. Figure1(b), the silicon chip ( more than properly known as a die) is fitted in the cavity under the sealed lid.A more detail classification of IC based on digital and analog is as follow Chart 1 Hierarchical classification of ICReferring to chart 1, as we are more interested in the branch of digital IC design, I expand more on its hierarchy compare to others. I will first compare between analog and digital IC design. Then I will explain on the advantages of individually of them and mixed- bless IC design. Next, I will compare and explain on full custom and semi-custom IC follow by a simple explanation of silicon compilation as it is not discussed in lectures. After that, I will compare gate array, standard jail cell and PLDs.ContentAnalog, digital and mixed signal IC designThe comparison between analog and digital IC design is tabled as below CharacteristicsAnalog IC designDigital IC design noteMore susceptible to resound slight noisePrecisionLess preciseMore preciseDesign difficultyHarder to designEasier to design complexityHighLowPower consumptionLowHighHeat wasteLowHighDesign workDemands strong understanding of the principles, concepts and techniquesthrough by copy and reusing the same circuit functions or libraryLife cycle10years1 to 2 yearsCostLowHigh culture storageNoise from aging degrades in arrive atationnoise-immuni ty makes information not degradedTable 1 Comparison between analog IC design and digital IC designAnalog IC designIn analog IC design, the analog signals take any value from a given range, and each unique signal value represents different information. It is often found in op-amps, linear regulators, phase locked loops, oscillators and active filters. Therefore, a slight change in the signal may affect the design. For example, an analog signal is used to represent temperature, with one volt representing one degree Celsius. Therefore, 10 volts would produce 10 degrees, and 10.1 volts would produce 10.1 degrees. line of latitude IC design produces noise, which is a random psychological disorder, variation or random thermal vibrations of atomic particles. Since any changes in an analogue signal is significant, any disturbance will change in the original signal and appears as noise. As the signal is copied and re-copied, or genetic over long distances, these random variations become more significant and lead to signal degradation. Other sources of noise may include external electrical signals or poorly designed components. These disturbances are reduced by shielding, and using low-noise amplifiers.2 However, some irreducible noise such as the shot noise in components will make an analog IC design imprecise. When purpose an analog circuit, the choice of every single component, sizing, placement, and connection is crucial. Every small detail such as the resistance, placement and number of resistor, will affect the public presentation of final result. Therefore, designing an analog IC requires strong understanding of the principles, concepts and techniques. Hence, it is said that analog IC design is much more complex compare to digital IC design. It is harder to design because analogue circuit must be designed by hand, and the process is much less automated than digital IC. However, once an analog IC is designed successfully with high signal to noise ratio, low d istortion, low power consumption, high reliability and stability, it can have a life cycle of more than 10 years. As a result of the long life cycle, the price of analog IC is low.Digital IC designA digital IC is designed to accept only input voltages of specific values and it uses only two states which are the binary quantities, on and off representing 1 and 0 or true and false. This is achieved by using the logic of Boolean algebra. The three basic logic functions in a digital IC are NOT, AND, and OR. A truth table is needed to design a digital IC. As discussed in the lectures, the design of digital systems is divided into combinational systems, which is a type of a set of logic functions, and sequential systems, which are state machines. It is often found in microprocessors, FPGAs, memories (RAM, ROM, and flash) and digital ASIC.Digital IC design produces less noise or even no noise. Digitally represented signals are transmitted using binary sequence of 1 and 0. It can be recons tructed, retransmitted or transmitted over long distance without any error provided the noise during transmission is unable to alter the 1s and 0s. Hence, digital IC is more precise compare to analog IC. Even in a compact disc of around 6 billion binary digits, the information or data can be presented on the nose because each digit is handled by the same kind of hardware and there is no noise in the handling process. Digital IC is easier to design because it is controlled by software such as electronic design automation tools (EDA) so that functions can be altered without changing the hardware. If consumers detect error, they can simply produce the software to rectify the error. As digital IC is almost immune to noise, information can be stored and retrieved completely and precisely without any damage or degradation.However, there are some disadvantages of digital IC. Because digital IC is very dense in circuitry, digital circuits use more energy than analog circuits to save the same tasks, thus producing more heat. In portable or battery-powered systems this can limit use of digital systems.3 Digital IC empha size of its on pelt along and constitute ratio computing to achieve the lowest possible hail with the highest operating speed. Designers must use more efficient algorithms to process digital signals, or use new process to improve the integration monetary value. Therefore, the life cycle of digital IC is very short, about 1 year -2 years and the cost is higher than analog IC.4 Since digital circuits involve millions of times as many components as analog circuits, much of the design work is done by copying and reusing the same circuit functions, especially by using digital design software that contains libraries of pre-structured circuit components. 5Mixed signal IC designA mixed-signal integrated circuit is any integrated circuit that has both analog circuits and digital circuits on a single semiconductor die.6 Mixed-signal can be found in ADC or DA C and digital radio chips. Since mixed-signal IC requires both analog and digital design, it is usually designed for a very specific purpose and because of that, their design requires a high level of expertise and careful use of computer aided design (CAD) tools. Therefore this type of design is very complicated andcostly.Full-custom and semi-custom IC designThe comparison between analog and digital IC design is tabled as below CharacteristicsFull-custom IC designSemi-custom IC designCircuitsCustomizedPredesignedManufacturing timeLong tersePerformanceMaximizeModerateArea of ICMinimizeModerateCostHighLowTable 2 comparison between full-custom and semi-custom IC designFull-custom IC designFull-custom design is a methodology for designing integrated circuits by specifying the layout of each individual transistor, logic cells, mask layers and the joinions between them.7 Basically, the IC is designed from scratch and tailor-made to meet the requirement of a specific purpose. The main go al of having a full-custom design is to maximize the performance and minimize the sphere of influence of an IC. Therefore, a lot of researches and studies are needed to produce a full-custom IC which results in very high production cost and long manufacturing period. Usually, full-custom IC is catered for prodigious production so that the high production cost is fully utilized. Full-custom IC is produced from time to time when there is no suitable existing libraries available that can be used for the design. This is because existing libraries are outdated or consume too much power.Semi-custom IC designSemi-custom IC design can be partly customized to serve different functions within its general area of application.8 It allows a certain extend of modification during the manufacturing process. It has the diffused layer fully defined scarce the libraries of pre-structured circuit components with the same circuit functions can be reused. This can save a lot of time and cost to in pro ducing a semi-custom IC design. Therefore, the manufacturing cost if low and it is used widely in almost every IC design around the world. Semi-custom IC design is further classified into 3 groups which are gate array, standard cell and programmable logic devices circuits.Silicon compilation IC designSilicon compilation is to use a software system that takes a users specifications and automatically generates an integrated circuit (IC).9 Generally, a designer is given a description of the system, by using a silicon compiler, mask and test information are produced which is either a simple combinational circuit or a finite state machine. The first step of silicon compilation is replace a hardware-description language such as Verilog or VHDL or FpgaC into logic. Next, we shall place the logic gates on the IC followed by routing the standard cells together to form the desired logic.9 A drawback of this method of IC design is that most of the silicon compilers do not utilize the area of silicon efficiently. Therefore, it is usually produced in small volume. It may used to generate simple cells to build up standard cell libraries.10Gate array, standard cell and programmable logic devices (PLDs) ICThe comparison between gate array, standard cell and programmable logic devices circuits is tabled as below CharacteristicsGate array criterion cellPLDs (FPGA)FlexibilityFlexible real flexibleLess flexibleRiskLess riskyLess riskyRiskyManufacturing CostModerateCheapExpensiveManufacturing DifficultyModerateEasyVery complexManufacturing timeShortestShortModerateSilicon sizeModerateSmallLimitedSpeedSlowModerateFastHeat dissipationLowModerateHighTable 3 Comparison between gate array, standard cell and PLDs (FPGA) ICGate array ICIn a gate-array-based IC, the transistors, logic gates and other active devices are predefined on the silicon wafer. The only uncompleted part of the creation is the final surface layer, which defines the interconnect between the elements. Connecting the se elements allows the function of the IC to be customized. Therefore, it is very flexible and less risky since it uses predefined elements. Furthermore, adding a surface layer of interconnects requires only a small cost and short time to complete. However, the chips designed using gate array techniques are a bit bigger in silicon area than standard cell IC, which makes them more expensive and harder to manufacture.11Standard cell ICIn standard cell IC, different sizes of predesigned cells are used and a big combination of cells can be formed which is known as mega cells. Mega cells can be found in microcontroller or microprocessor. These cells, which consist of logic functions such as gates, latches, buffers and flip-flops, are known as standard cell library. Designer only needs to define only the placement of the standard cells and the interconnects in a standard cell IC.12 Standard cell IC is flexible because it uses both digital and analog functions. The transistor sizes can be changed to improve speed and performance. It has a smaller silicon size and therefore a more compact are compare to gate array IC. In addition, it has faster speed which results in higher heat dissipation.(Adapted from Standard-Cell-Based ASICs, http//iroi.seu.edu.cn/books/asics/Book2/CH01/CH01.1.htmpgfId=1331)1Figure 2 shows A cell-based IC die with a single standard-cell area (a flexible block) together with four fixed blocks.Programmable logic devices ICPLD is an electronic component used to build reconfigurable digital circuits an undefined function at the time of manufacture.13 Before starting to implement PLD in a circuit, it must be tack or programmed to create a part customized to a specific application. This makes PLD a very flexible design to fulfill any custom specification. However, the limited size ((adapted from Programmable Logic Devices, http//iroi.seu.edu.cn/books/asics/Book2/CH01/CH01.1.htm)1Figure 2 shows a PLD die. The macrocells typically consist of programmabl e array logic followed by a flip-flop or latch. The macrocells are connected using a large programmable interconnect block.

Service marketing by banking sector

Service trade by shoreing sector Service merchandiseNew and advanced methods of marketing services used by banking sectorIntroductionA bank is a financial institution licensed by a government. Its immemorial activities include borrowing and lending money.Banks no longer restricted themselves to traditional banking activities, but explored newer avenues to increase business and capture new market.-In the 1990s, greater emphasis creation placed on technology and innovation.-New concept ilk personal banking, retail banking, total branch automation, etc were introducedBanks activities so-and-so be divided into retail banking, dealing instantly with individuals and small businesses business banking, providing services to mid-market business corporate banking, directed at large business entities private banking, providing wealth management services to high light up worth individuals and families and investment banking, relating to activities on the financial markets. Most banks be profit-making, private enterprises. However, some are owned by government, or are non-profit organizations.Banks offer many another(prenominal) different channels to access their banking and other services-1- Bank branch2- ATM3- Mail4- Telephone banking5- Online banking6- fluid banking7- Video bankingNew innovative method of marketing services used by banking sector1- E-banking-Enables people to carry out most of their banking transaction using a safe website which is operated by their respected bank.2- affection banking- it include knowing customer needs. Depositing and lending of money. Providing core banking solution.3- Corporate banking- it includes providing financial solution to large corporate and MNCs.4- Mobile banking- it helps in balance inquiry, fund transfer, cheque book request etc.5- Plastic money-Plastic money are the alternative to the cash or standard money, it is convinent to carry and generic term for all geeks of bank cards, debit cards, credit cards, sma rt cards.6- NRI banking-This facility is designed for diverse banking requirements of the vast NRI population spread across the globe.7- TOTAL BRANCH AUTOMATION-this is one of the latest towards musical composition less transactions, it is more customer friendly and flexible that has speed up bank transaction and with less error possibility.Marketing mix of banking sectorThe marketing mix of banking sector includes 7 ps that are explained below so that they can understand their customers better and provide them good services.ProductsBANKS PRODUCTS(A) DEPOSITS Savings, Current, Fixed etc.(B) ADVANCESa) boundary Loan,b) Clean Loan, c) Bills Discounting, d) Advances, e) Pre-shipment Finance, f) Post-shipment finance, g) Secured and Unsecured lines of credit.(2) Non-fund oriented a) Guarantees, and b) Letter of Credit.(C) INTERNATIONAL BANKING a) Letter of Credit, and b) Foreign Currency.(D) CONSULTANCY a) Investment Counselling, b) Project Counselling, c) Merchant Banking, and d) Ta x Consultancy.(E) MISCELLANEOUS a) Traveller Cheques, b) Credit card, c) Remittances, d) Collections, e) barter of Drafts, f) Standing instructions, and g) Trusteeship.Price-The price mix in the banking sector is nothing but the interest rates charged by the different banks.Lets understand this with an example. A occurrence buyer approaches for a car loan say for a period of 3 years. He is charged Rs. 20,000 as interest. however if a sales example of another bank comes to know of this deal he will try to attract the customer by giving him a better deal that is a loan at a lower rate on interest. In this way due to the high level of competition the customer benefits.PricingThis type of set is mainly done by banks having unique or different products or schemes. They usually charge a combination of high and low prices depending on the customer loyalty as well as the products. This type of pricing strategy is usually coupled with promotion programmes.-Going rate pricing-Mark up pric ingPlacePlace mix is the location analysis for banks branches. There are number a factors affecting the determination of the location of the branch of bank. Like population characteristics, commercial, proximity of other commercial outlets.PromotionPromotion is nothing but making the customer more and more aware of the services and benefits provided by the bank.The banks today can use a lot of new technology to communicate to their customers. Two of the fastest growing modern tools of communicating with the customers are1. Internet Banking2. Mobile BankingProcessThe process mix constitutes the overall procedure involved in using the services offered by the bank.Lets take for example the process for application for a car loan.Now this mainly involves 3 things.1. Producing of proper documents2. Filling up of application form3. Paying for the initial down paymentPhysical certaintyPhysical evidence is the overall layout of the place. How the entire bank has been designed. Physical evi dence refers to all those factors that helps make the process much easier and smoother. For example in case of a bank the physical evidence would be the placement of the customer service executives desk, or the location of the place for depositing Cheques. It is very necessary the place is designed in such a manner so as to ensure maximum convenience to the customer and cause no confusion to himInterpretation and recommendationBanks are the most significant players in the Indian financial market.They are the biggest purveyors of credit, and they also attract most of the savings from the population. Dominated by public sector, the banking industry has so far acted as an efficient partner in the growth and the development of the country. Driven by the socialist ideologies and the welfare state concept, public sector banks eat up long been the supporters of agriculture and other priority sectors. They act as crucial channels of the government in its efforts to ensure equitable economi c development. The Indian banking can be broadly categorized into nationalized (government owned), private banks and specialized banking institutions.The Reserve Bank of India acts a centralized body monitoring any discrepancies and shortcoming in the system.The Indian banking has finally worked up to the competitive dynamics of the new Indian market and is addressing the relevant issues to take on the multifarious challenges of globalization.-Banks that employ IT solutions are perceived to be futuristic and proactive players capable of meeting the multifarious requirements of the large customers base.-Private Banks have been fast on the uptake and are reorienting their strategies using the internet as a medium The Internet has emerged as the new and challenging frontier of marketing with the conventional physical world tenets being just as applicable like in any other marketing medium. Since for Indian banks globalization can be a good opportunity that they can exploit that will g et hold of to increased revenue, size and scale.

Exley Chemical Case Analysis Essay -- Business Analysis

Exley Chemical Case Analysis IntroductionThe purpose of this analysis is to offer insight into difficulties experienced by Exley Chemical Company. Case analysis will provide an objective view of the identified problems (both macro and micro), the causes, affected systems, alternatives and recommendations. In a collaborative effort, this spread over reflects multiple observations and opinions regarding the case analysis.AnalysisI. Problems A. Macro Lack of coordination inside the companies operationsDecrease in sales and profits.Operational conflicts within the major departmentsThis type of anatomical structure is inappropriate for this companyThere is no uniformity of command B. Micro The coordination between marketing and the new proceeds information department was insufficient. The Product development ha d problems with marketing.The Product manager quarrels with the marketing departmentProduct manager was unsuccessful in coordinating the activities. The company was having difficulties in producing a team concept within the departments.II. Causes Implementation of separate division to handle product development has disrupted the previous cohesive interaction between prior existing divisions. New product development division has taken on a life of its own, opting to market its new developments instead of passing the new products to the other divisions to handle their usual responsibilities.In spite of its independence of other teams with regard to product development and marketing, the new division still need... ...the training and developments (Brown & Harvey, 2006). In this situation, every manager needs to turn over dialogue with the marketing department. This action, alone, will set into motion changes that would be expected to aid the sales and revenue of their respective pr oducts (Blanchard & Thacker, 2004). ReferencesBrown, D. & Harvey, D. (2006). An experiential approach to organization development. (seventh edition). top(prenominal) Saddle River, NJ Pearson learner Hall.McNamara, C. (1999). Business planning. Retrieved on 26 October 2006 from www.NonProfitOffice.com Dagmar & Oliver Recklies. (2006). Themanager.org. Retrieved on 26 October 2006, from http//www.themanager.org/Strategy/Change_Phases.htm Blanchard, P.N. & Thacker, J.W. (2004). Effective training systems strategies and practices. (2nd Edition). Upper Saddle River NJ Pearson Prentice Hall.

What is a Community? Essay -- Sociology

A community is established when more than two tribe sh ar the same values and through time this personal connection evolves into a fellowship governed by rituals, traditions, and a particular form of communication that when taken together makes a group of individuals whether living in a specific geographical area or connected by ideals so distinct that their distinguishing mark allow them to stand out from among the crowd. They do non just believe in something like an organization but they need each other to exist and thrive. A good example is the Old Order Amish Mennonite community wherein the community serves as source of identity, strength and provides the reason why they should sustain the communitys way of life. It is important to understand that in order for a community to exist at least three conditions must(prenominal) be met a) place b) disport and c) communion (Smith, p.1). There must be a territory or place where people can congregate or can be seen (Smith , p.1). The localisation also helps identify the community and differentiate its members from other groups. The common interests shared by the members create a tight-knit community. Some examples of interests found in communities are religion, occupation, ethnic origin and even hobbies. Aside from location and interest one of the most important components is communion. There must be a connection mingled with the members of a particular community. Without this communion, the coming together, a profound sharing of ideas, resources etc., there can be no community but a group of individuals bind together simply because of proximity such as those living in a gated community in an upscale neighborhood but the residents do not know each other. A more technical definiti... ...rd the Amish Mennonite community exemplifies the meaning of community. The community is established and continues to develop because it is a source of identity, strength, and sustainability the reason why they m ust exist and perpetuate their way of life until the end of time. Works CitedCnaan, Ram & Carl Milofsky. Handbook of Community Movements and Local Organizations. New York Springer Science, 2008.Schwieder, Elmer & Thomas Morain. A erratic People Iowas Old Order Amish. Iowa University of Iowa Press, 1975.Smith, Mark. Community. Accessed 21 October 2010. Available from http//www.infed.org/community/community.htmBellah ET AL., Robert. Community, Commitment, and Individuality. Literacies Reading, Writing, Interpretation. By Terence Brunk. Second ed. New York W.W. Norton, 2000. 74. Print.

Risk Taking Behaviour in Adolescence Essay -- Adolescent Behavior

Adolescence is a venerable and unstable time of adjustment in which a childtranscends into adulthood (Casey, 2008). During adolescence there are examinable changes in divers(a) areas of life. These changes occur physically as the adolescent goes through puberty, as well as psychological changes where high emotional reactivity emerges, and social development is at its height (Casey, 2008). Adolescents are more likely than adults or children to engage in risky behaviour that can subsequently lead to death or disorder by drunk driving, carrying weapons, using illegal drugs, and engaging in unprotected sex, which in turn can lead to STDs and teenage pregnancies (Eaton, 2006). The prior is create that adolescents do engage in risky behaviour. Through this essay we will explore the various theories of why risky behaviour is at its height during adolescence.An exam of AdolescenceDuring adolescence emotional reactivity is heightened, and the social environment is changing as adolescents spend more time with their peers than adults (Casey, 2008). To an adolescent, the value of positive information, as well as veto information may be exaggerated which leads to greater emotional reactivity and sensitivity during this growth period (Casey, 2008). This can heighten the incidence of addiction and the attempt of psychological disorders (Casey, 2008). There are various theories that attempt to explain why adolescents engage in risky behaviour. One of these theories by Yurgelun-Todd stems from human adolescent intelligence development, and proposes that cognitive development during the adolescent period is associated with increasingly superior efficiency of cognitive control and affective modulation (Casey, 2008). This theory also suggest... ...odel since some of the studies do may not be accurate. For example, with concern to the study Caseys discussed concerning delay of gratification study, there was too much variability. Their hunger levels prior to the study shoul d nonplus been recorded, as well as their favourite cookie type because these details may influence how likely the children are to control their impulses. But, overall this model did sacrifice greatly to the field of adolescent risk taking.Works CitedCasey, B. J., Jones, R. M., & Hare, T. (2008). The adolescent brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1124, 111126. Eaton Reyna, V.F. and Rivers, S.E. (2008).Current theories of risk and rational decision making. Developmental Review, 28, 111. Steinberg, L. (2004). Risk taking in adolescence What changes, and Why? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021, 51-58.

How effective is Harper Lees title of To Kill a Mockingbird? :: English Literature

How effective is Harper Lees title of To Kill a Mockingbird? Shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit em, but rememberits a perdition to kill a jeerer.That was the only time I ever heard Atticus say it was a sin to dosomething, and I asked Miss Maudie slightly it.Your fathers right, she said. Mockingbirds dont do maven thing butmake music for us to enjoy. They dont eat up people/s gardens, dontnest in corncribs, they dont do one thing but sing their hearts outfor us. Thats why its a sin to kill a mockingbird. (p. 96)From the above quote we learn that a mockingbird gives only pleasureto people. It does not harm anyone, or destroy peoples gardens, like separate birds might do. The book can be said to contain humanmockingbirds who, individually in their own way, are persecuted or treatedbadly through no fault of their own.Probably the two main and closely obvious mockingbirds in the novel areBoo Radley and tom Robinson. These two characters very much contrasteach other, bu t the way they are treated by other persons in the bookgives them a mutual bond. Both of these characters had to pay fortheir actions with their lives - Boo Radley being deprived offriendship and the outside world by his own family, and Tom Radleybeing convicted of a crime he did not commit, which ultimately lead tohis death.Boo Radley, otherwise known as Arthur Radley, is described by Jem as amonster-type figure Boo was about six-and-a-half feet tall, judgingfrom his tracks he dined on raw squirrels and any cats he couldcatch, thats why his hands were blood-stained - if you ate an animalraw, you could never wash out the blood off. There was a long jagged scarthat ran across his face what teeth he had were yellow and rottenhis eyes popped, and he drooled most of the time. (p.19)We know that this is not what Boo Radley really looks like, and Jem isgiving this description to Scout so as to tease her. Being as young asshe is, she believes this characterization of Boo. However, though Jem isonly having a laugh, this shows us what sort of image of Boo thechildren grew up with. The title could be connected with this becausethe children are mocking Boos life and fashioning fun of it.I also think that the following words from Jem are important Ithink Im beginning to understand why Boo Radleys stayed eject up in